Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)

Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.     

杧果PEPC基因家族全基因组鉴定及表达分析

PEPC家族蛋白在植物光合碳同化过程中起到重要作用，同时具有多种非光合生物学功能，目前杧果中尚未报道。本研究对杧果MiPEPCs进行了全基因组鉴定，并分析了它们在不同组织（包括成熟叶片、成熟树皮、种子、根、花、果肉和果皮）和两个品种（高糖品种‘台农1号’和低糖品种‘热农1号’）中的表达情况。结果获得4个杧果MiPEPC基因家族成员，其理化特征较为相似，且所有MiPEPCs蛋白亚细胞定位预测均存在与细胞质中。基因组定位发现杧果MiPEPCs分布于4条不同的染色体。联合拟南芥，水稻，菠萝的PEPCs进行系统进化分析显示可分为2个亚组，MiPEPCs分布在第I（PTPC）和II亚族（BTPC）。杧果植物型MiPEPCs和细菌型MiPEPCs分离时间早于单子叶植物和双子叶植物的分离时间，两者蛋白序列差异大，但仍具有一定的保守性。顺式作用元件分析显示，MiPEPCs含有数量较多的光响应元件和激素响应元件。转录组表达分析结合qPCR实验验证发现，MiPEPCs在不同杧果组织中的表达具有偏好性，可能参与杧果的多个生物学过程（包含光合和非光合过程），并初步推测MiPEPC1、MiPEPC3可能与杧果果实成熟过程。本研究为进一步探究MiPEPC家族在杧果中的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

柑橘黄龙病菌浓度对琼中绿橙果实品质的影响

为了定量衡量黄龙病菌量对琼中绿橙果实品质的影响，本实验以采自海南琼中橘园中感染了柑橘黄龙病的琼中绿橙为实验材料，用实时荧光定量PCR相对定量的方法测定果实中柑橘黄龙病菌的浓度，同时对果实品质的8个外在指标（果实纵经、横径、果形指数、单果重、果皮率、残渣率、种子数量、种子重量）和5个内在指标（果汁率、可食率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比）进行测定，研究黄龙病菌浓度对琼中绿橙果实品质的影响。结果表明：随着琼中绿橙果实中柑橘黄龙病菌浓度的增大，果实外观品质变化明显的指标包括果实纵经、果形指数、单果重（p<0.05），其中果实纵经呈现明显下降趋势，从64.97mm下降到57.44mm，相对较少11.59%；果形指数呈现明显上升趋势，从0.83上升到0.94，相对增多13.25%；单果重呈现下降趋势，从166.35g下降到109.66g，相对较少34.08%；果实横径、果皮率、残渣率、种子数量、种子重量等指标变化不明显。随着琼中绿橙果实中柑橘黄龙病菌浓度的增大，果实内在品质变化明显的指标为可溶性固形物含量，可溶性固形物含量呈现明显下降趋势（P<0.05），从9.65%下降到8.19%，相对减少15.13%；果汁率、可食率、可滴定酸含量和TSS/TA没有明显变化。结论：在黄龙病菌浓度增加的情况下，琼中绿橙在果实外观、内在品质等多个指标呈现下降趋势。研究结果为定量评价黄龙病对柑橘果实的影响提供参考。     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

福建省高素质农民发展跟踪分析

为反映福建省高素质农民的发展状况,探索高素质农民培育的更有效途径,采用比较分析方法,跟踪调查2015—2018年福建省高素质农民的总量、性别比例、年龄结构、文化程度等数据,并以此为基础,重点分析农业新型经营主体家庭农场经营者、农民合作社负责人等群体的发展情况,同时比较研究福建省高素质农民重点群体之间的发展特点。从文化程度、培育供求、产学矛盾、政策扶持等方面深入剖析当前高素质农民发展的制约因素,从加快推进福建省高素质农民培育工作、构建高素质农民终身学习体系、探索培育新型农业经营模式、推进线上线下融合培育、创设高素质农民扶持政策等方面提出相应的对策建议。     

北京市昌平区统筹城乡区域发展研究

北京市昌平区通过大力实施乡村振兴战略,深入推进城乡区域协调发展,在城乡基本公共服务发展、产业发展、乡村治理、人才队伍建设等方面取得了一定进展.但同时也存在产业发展缓慢、人才力量不足等问题,为此,提出推动城乡基本公共服务均衡发展,多措并举加快乡村产业发展,创新和完善乡村治理机制,促进实用人才培养等四个方面的建议.     

榆林市林业发展与生态文明建设的几点思考

指出了林业作为生态文明建设的主体,是一项重要的公益事业和基础产业,在实现人与自然和谐发展的历史进程中,负有重大的使命和光荣的任务。林业发展在我国经济发展中占据重要地位,其对生态环境的积极影响得到了社会的广泛关注。在生态文明建设的大背景下,针对榆林市林业发展的现状,从生态效益、经济效益和社会效益3个方面提出了几点建议和思考。以供参考。     

Cuticular protein gene LmACP8 is involved in wing morphogenesis in the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria

Cuticular proteins(CPs) are major components of the insect cuticle-associated organs such as integument and wings, although the importance of CPs for wing development and function in hemimetabolous insects remains understudied. In the present study, a wing cuticular protein LmACP8 was identified from Locusta migratoria, which belongs to the RR-2 subfamily of cuticular protein RR consensus(CPR) chitin-binding proteins. LmACP8 was mainly expressed in the wing pads and showed high expression levels before ecdysis of third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar nymphs, with its encoded protein located in the procuticle of wing pads and adult wings. Depletion of LmACP8 by RNA interference markedly reduced the amount of its protein, which consequently caused abnormal wing morphogenesis in the transition from nymph to adult of L. migratoria. We further demonstrated that the abnormal morphogenesis was caused by severe damage of the endocuticle in the wings. LmACP8 was suppressed by 20-hydroxyecdysone(20 E) in vivo, however, its expression was significantly up-regulated after knocking down the hormone receptor gene LmHR39. Thus, the LmACP8 that is negatively regulated by the LmHR39-mediated 20 E signaling pathway is involved in wing development during the nymph to adult transition.     

北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚测度实证研究

以北京蔬菜专业村为研究对象,选取2012—2018年北京蔬菜专业村及蔬菜产业相关数据,运用区位商指数测算方法,从时间和空间两个层面对北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚度进行测算;运用集中度指数测算方法,从专业村主导产业总产值和从业农户数两方面对集聚度进行测算。结果显示,北京市蔬菜专业村出现了集聚现象,但存在不稳定上下波动的问题,顺义区、通州区和平谷区总体集聚程度较高,并保持稳定集聚状态,集聚区域主要集中在顺义区和房山区。研究建议完善蔬菜专业村基础设施建设,打造蔬菜专业村区域品牌效应,发挥蔬菜示范村辐射带动作用,推进专业镇、基地及园区建设。     

脱涡致振式压电风力发电机性能分析与试验

为满足农业遥感监测系统的供电需求，减少化学电池对水和土壤的污染，提出一种脱涡致振式压电风力发电机，并从理论和试验两方面进行了研究。建立了脱涡致振式压电风力发电机的理论模型，通过仿真分析研究迎风角、压电振子长度及风速对压电振子变形量的影响，并对发电机样机进行了测试试验。结果表明，不同风速下均存在两个最佳迎风角，使发电机输出电压较大，压电振子长度为60、78mm，风速为7.6、11.6、12.4m/s时的两个最佳迎风角分别为(35°,135°)、(45°,125°)、(50°,120°)和(35°,120°)、(40°,115°)、(45°,110°)。当迎风角为120°时，存在最佳风速，使发电机输出电压达到最大；随着压电振子长度的增加，最佳风速由12.4m/s降低到8.4m/s，其对应的最大输出电压由16.6V增加为16.8V。当外接电阻为150kΩ、迎风角为30°时，试验测得最大输出功率为1mW。研究表明，根据实际风速确定合理的迎风角及压电振子长度可提高发电机的发电能力。